Benedek, Zsolt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0174-9676
Bulancea-Lindvall, Oscar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-4220
Davidsson, Joel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-3318
Ivády, Viktor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-5101
Abrikosov, Igor A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-4717
Funding for this research was provided by:
Janos Bolyai Research Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Swedish Research Council (2022-00276 and 2020-05402)
National Research, Development, and Innovation Office of Hungary (2022-2.1.1-NL-2022-00004 and FK 145395.)
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2018.0071)
Wallenberg Scholar (KAW 2023.0309)
European Commission - Horizon Europe projects (101156088 and 101129663)
Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Competing interests
: J.D. and I. A. A. declare a potential conflict of interest in relation to the intellectual property associated with this research and a pending patent application. The manuscript investigates the ClV defect, which be the cause of the general effect described in the patent application titled: “A quantum information processing device, a quantum communications network and a quantum computer” (patent pending; appl. no. 2550928-2; inventors: Joel Davidsson, Danial Shafizadeh, Ivan Ivanov, Igor Abrikosov). The other authors declare no competing interests.