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Article History

Received: 15 October 2024

Accepted: 16 December 2024

First Online: 12 February 2025

Competing interests

: D.H. has received honoraria from Rovi and Teva, speaker fees from DGPPN, and editorial fees from Elsevier and Thieme Verlag. A.M.L. has received consultant fees from: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Brain Mind Institute, Brainsway, CISSN (Catania International Summer School of Neuroscience), Daimler und Benz Stiftung, Fondation FondaMental, Hector Stiftung II, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Lundbeck A/S, Lundbeckfonden, Lundbeck Int. Neuroscience Foundation, MedinCell, Sage Therapeutics, Techspert.io, Teva, The LOOP Zürich, University Medical Center Utrecht, von Behring Röntgen Stiftung. A.M.L. has received speaker fees from: Arztekammer Nordrhein, BAG Psychiatrie Oberbayern, Biotest¨ AG, Forum Werkstatt Karlsruhe, International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, Brentwood, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Ingolstadt, Lundbeck SAS France, med Update GmbH, Merz-Stiftung, Siemens Healthineers, Society of Biological Psychiatry. A.M.L. has received editorial fees from: the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Elsevier, Thieme Verlag. C.U.C. has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Acadia, Adock Ingram, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Cardio Diagnostics, Cerevel, CNX Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, Darnitsa, Delpor, Denovo, Eli Lilly, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, Holmusk, IntraCellular Therapies, Jamjoom Pharma, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedInCell, Merck, Mindpax, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Maplight, Mylan, Neumora Therapeutics, Neurocrine, Neurelis, Newron, Noven, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, PPD Biotech, Recordati, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Sage, Saladax, Sanofi, Seqirus, SK Life Science, Sumitomo Pharma America, Sunovion, Sun Pharma, Supernus, Tabuk, Takeda, Teva, Tolmar, Vertex, Viatris and Xenon Pharmaceuticals. He provided expert testimony for Janssen, Lundbeck, and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Compass Pathways, Denovo, IntraCellular Therapies, Lundbeck, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen, and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of Cardio Diagnostics, Kuleon Biosciences, LB Pharma, Medlink, Mindpax, and Quantic. The other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in relation to the subject of this study.