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Authors
Riedel, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-502X
Bachmann, Christian J.
Bittner, Robert A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-0358
Dörks, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-8661
Kollhorst, Bianca https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5964-954X
Qubad, Mishal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-5739
Scholle, Oliver H. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2633-6587
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Competing interests
: O.H.F.S., B.K., and O.R. are working at an independent, non-profit research institute, the Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS. Unrelated to this study, BIPS occasionally conducts studies financed by the pharmaceutical industry. These are post-authorization safety studies (PASS) requested by health authorities. The design and conduct of these studies as well as the interpretation and publication are not influenced by the pharmaceutical industry. The study presented was not funded by the pharmaceutical industry. M.D. declares no conflict of interest. C.B., R.A.B., and M.Q. are members of the European Clozapine Task Force, an informal association of European clinicians with an interest in improving access to clozapine for patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia.
