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Authors
Scholle, Oliver H. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2633-6587
Riedel, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-502X
Qubad, Mishal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-5739
Dörks, Michael
Kollhorst, Bianca
Bittner, Robert A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-0358
Bachmann, Christian J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-2660
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Reiss Foundation
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Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 14 May 2026
Competing interests
: O.H.F.S., O.R., and B.K. are working at an independent, non-profit research institute, the Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS. Unrelated to this study, BIPS occasionally conducts studies financed by the pharmaceutical industry. These are post-authorization safety studies (PASS) requested by health authorities. The design and conduct of these studies, as well as the interpretation and publication are not influenced by the pharmaceutical industry. The study presented was not funded by the pharmaceutical industry. M.D. declares no conflict of interest. M.Q., R.A.B., and C.J.B. are members of the European Clozapine Task Force, an informal association of European clinicians with an interest in improving access to clozapine for patients with schizophrenia. M.Q. received speaker fees from Recordati Pharma GmbH and Otsuka Pharma GmbH. R.A.B. has received advisory board fees from Newron and has received speaker fees from Recordati Pharma GmbH.
