Hecht, Cameron A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4842-6003
Murphy, Mary C.
Dweck, Carol S.
Bryan, Christopher J.
Trzesniewski, Kali H.
Medrano, Fortunato N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-5575
Giani, Matt
Mhatre, Pratik
Yeager, David S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9503
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences | Division of Social and Economic Sciences (2004831, 1761179)
NSF | Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences | Division of Social and Economic Sciences
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01HD084772, P2CHD042849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-004519)
Jacobs Foundation
Article History
Received: 31 January 2023
Accepted: 17 August 2023
First Online: 29 August 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no financial or non-financial competing interests. M.C.M., C.S.D., C.J.B., and D.S.Y. have disseminated growth mindset research to public audiences via paid speaking engagements or consulting, and they have complied with institutional financial interest disclosure requirements; currently no conflicts of interest have been identified.