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Article History

Received: 22 March 2024

Accepted: 29 July 2024

First Online: 14 August 2024

Competing interests

: C.C. would like to disclose the following COIs: Siemens Healthineers and RaySearch Laboratories (sponsored research), Triomics (travel expenses). E.J.K. would like to disclose the following COIs: Philips Healthcare (sponsored research), GE Healthcare (in-kind research grant), Stand up to Cancer (early detection of pancreatic cancer grant), Project Purple (grant support), Elekta (sponsored research), DoD (grant for early detection of pancreatic cancer), Taylor and Francis, LLC (royalties for the book), Kallisio (license for patent for 3D printed oral stents, consulting for medical device), RenovoRX (consulting for cholangiocarcinoma), AstraZeneca (consulting for immunotherapy), Augmenix (consulting for medical device), International Cholangiocarcinoma Research Network (scientific medical advisory board, co-chair of radiation oncology working group). JWW would like to disclose the following COIs: Nanobiotix (Research grant, Travel expenses, SAB), BMS (Research grant), Merck (Research grant), Varian (Research grant, Travel expenses, clinical sponsored research), Reflexion (Research grant, Travel expenses, Stock options, SAB), Hotspot Therapeutics (Research grant), Gilead (Research grant), Novocure (SAB), Oncoresponse (SAB, stock options), Astra Zeneca (consultant, Research grant), Bayer Healthcare (Research grant), Kiromic (Research grant), Alkermes (Research grant), Artidis (Research grant), Sciclone (Research grant). Dr Welsh has a trademark designation for RadScopal. DSH would like to disclose the following COIs: fesearch Grant funding from AbbVie, Adaptimmune, Adlai-Nortye, Amgen, Astelles, Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, Biomea, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi-Sankyo, Deciphera, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Endeavor, Erasca, F. Hoffmann-LaRoche, Fate Therapeutics, Genentech, Genmab, Immunogenesis, Incyte Inc, Infinity, Kyowa Kirin, Merck, Mirati, Navier, NCI-CTEP, Novartis, Numab, Pfizer, Pyramid Bio, Quanta, Revolution Medicine, SeaGen, STCube, Takeda, TCR2, Turning Point Therapeutics, and VM Oncology; Travel, Accommodations, and Expenses from AACR, ASCO, CLCC, Bayer, Genmab, Northwestern, SITC, Telperian, UNC; consulting, speaker, or advisory roles at 280Bio- YingLing Pharma,, Abbvie, Acuta, Adaptimmune, Alkermes, Alpha Insights, Amgen, Affini-T, Astellas, Aumbiosciences, Axiom, Baxter, Bayer, BeiGene USA, Boxer Capital, BridgeBio, CARSgen, CLCC, COG, COR2ed, Cowen, Ecor1, EDDC, Erasca, Exelixis, Fate Therapeutics, F.Hoffmann-La Roche, Genentech, Gennao Bio, Gilead, GLG, Group H, Guidepoint, HCW Precision Oncology, Immunogenesis, Incyte Inc, Inhibrix Inc, InduPro, Innovent, Janssen, Jounce Therapeutics Inc,Lan-Bio, Liberium, MedaCorp, Medscape, Novartis, Northwestern, Numab, Oncologia Brasil, ORI Capital, Pfizer, Pharma Intelligence, POET Congress, Prime Oncology, Projects in Knowledge, Quanta, RAIN, Ridgeline, Revolution Medicine, Sanofi and Genzyme Inc, SeaGen, Stanford, STCube, Takeda, Tavistock, Trieza Therapeutics, T-Knife, Turning Point Therapeutics, UNC, WebMD, Ziopharm; and other ownership interests at CrossBridge Bio (Advisor), Molecular Match (Advisor), OncoResponse (Founder, Advisor), Telperian (Founder, Advisor). The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.