Li, Yacong
Liu, Jun
Bai, Xiangyun
Li, Qince
Sui, Dong
Yang, Deyan
Ma, Lei
Wang, Kuanquan
Zhang, Henggui
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University (VRLAB2024A05)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62133009)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (61702026)
Article History
Received: 16 April 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.