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Authors
Crouse, Bethany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-2465
Miller, Shannon M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-043X
Muelken, Peter
Hicks, Linda
Vigliaturo, Jennifer R.
Marker, Cheryl L.
Guedes, Alonso G. P.
Pentel, Paul R.
Evans, Jay T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-0272
LeSage, Mark G.
Pravetoni, Marco
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA007097, F31DA054760, UG3DA048386, UG3DA048386, UG3DA048386, UG3DA048386, UG3DA048386, UG3DA048386)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201800048C, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, HHSN272201800048C, HHSN272201800048C, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201800048C, BAA-DAIT-75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
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Article History
Received: 1 March 2022
Accepted: 22 June 2023
First Online: 24 July 2023
Competing interests
: MP is the co-inventor of patents disclosing fentanyl haptens reported in this manuscript (F<sub>1</sub> or F, and F<sub>3</sub>), fentanyl hapten conjugates (F<sub>1</sub>-CRM, F-CRM), and methods for using them. JTE is a co-inventor of INI-4001 adjuvant, held the CEO position at Inimmune Corporation, and holds stock options in Inimmune Corporation. MP and JTE are co-inventors of patents disclosing formulations of fentanyl vaccines formulated with INI-4001. SMM is an employee of Inimmune Corporation and holds stock options in Inimmune Corporation. All other authors declare no competing interests.
