de Bruyn, Guy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-4474
Adhikarla, Haritha
Brackett, Caroline K.
Jia, Yichen
Lakshmanane, Premkumar
Mudrak, Sarah V.
Sawant, Sheetal
Zhang, Donghui
Chicz, Roman M.
Sridhar, Saranya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4267-3102
Tomaras, Georgia D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-1931
Seaton, Kelly E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-3270
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I, HHSO100201600005I)
Article History
Received: 30 April 2024
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 13 July 2025
Competing interests
: G.d.B. is an employee of Sanofi and received all support for this manuscript from Sanofi. He is also an inventor on a pending patent application filed by Sanofi and GSK for the development of the CoV-2 dTM vaccine. Additionally, he owns stock or stock options in Sanofi. Funding for this work was provided by the US Government through the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) under contract HHSO100201600005I. H.A. received support for attending meetings and/or travel and holds stocks as an employee of Sanofi. L.P. received a US NIH grant to his institution under 4U54CA260543. C.B., S.S., S.V.M., G.T., and K.S. received funding and samples used for the analysis for this work at Duke University (PI Georgia Tomaras) from Sanofi. R.M.C. is an employee of Sanofi and holds patents and stocks of Sanofi. He also received a BARDA contract award from Sanofi. S.S. is an employee of Sanofi and holds stock and stock options in Sanofi. G.D.T. also notes NIH grants to her institution and funding from Regeneron and Janssen to her institution. Y.J. and D.Z. have no competing interests to declare.