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Authors
Pfeifle, Annabelle
Lansdell, Casey
Zhang, Wanyue
Tamming, Levi A.
Anderson-Duvall, Rose
Thulasi Raman, Sathya N.
Gravel, Caroline
Wu, Jianguo
Frahm, Grant
Creskey, Marybeth
Voordouw, Maarten J.
Coatsworth, Heather
Qiu, Weigang
Marconi, Richard T.
Sauve, Simon
Wang, Lisheng
Zhang, Xu
Johnston, Michael J. W.
Li, Xuguang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Canada
National Institutes of Health (R01AI175417)
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Competing interests
: R.T.M. is a co-inventor of the crLyme vaccine and receives royalties from the VCU Intellectual Property Foundation.
