Fuller, James
Kvam, Erik
Creton, Sandrine
Hall, Courtney
Tursi, Nicholas J.
Blatney, Kerry
Ryan, Rebecca
Godron, Xavier
Weiner, David B.
Timp, Winston
Griffin, Weston
Nelson, John
Fuller, Deborah H.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-21-C-4014)
Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (HR0011-21-9-0001)
Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (HR0011-21-9-0001)
Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (HR0011-21-9-0001)
National Cancer Institute (T32CA009171)
NIH/NIAID Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (75N93019C00051)
Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following, which may be considered as potential competing interests: S.C., R.R., and X.G. are employees of DNA Script and have filed patent applications pertaining to aspects of this work. E.K., J.N., and W.G. are employees of GE HealthCare and have filed patent applications pertaining to aspects of this work. D.B.W. is a consultant for and a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for INOVIO Pharmaceuticals. D.H.F. is a consultant for and co-founder of Orlance Inc. Neither Orlance nor INOVIO were involved in the study design, data collection, data analysis, or manuscript preparation. D.B.W. participates in industry collaborations; has received speaking honoraria; and has received fees for consulting, including serving on scientific review committees. Remunerations received by D.B.W. include direct payments and equity/options. D.B.W. also discloses the following associations with commercial partners: Geneos (consultant/advisory board), AstraZeneca (advisory board, speaker), and Pfizer (advisory board). All other authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this work.