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Authors
Xu, Jing
Halloran, M. Elizabeth
Moore, Mia
Zhang, Lily
Hyrien, Ollivier
Luedtke, Alex
El Sahly, Hana M.
Baden, Lindsey R.
Goepfert, Paul A.
Gray, Glenda
Grinsztejn, Beatriz
Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E.
Falsey, Ann R.
Robinson, Samuel T.
Garcia, Nina Marie G.
Zhou, Honghong
van Dromme, Ilse
Truyers, Carla
Hirsch, Ian
Neuzil, Kathleen M.
Corey, Lawrence
Kublin, James G.
Follmann, Dean
Janes, Holly E.
Gilbert, Peter B.
Huang, Yunda
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 17 January 2026
Competing interests
: Dr Sobieszczyk reported receiving grant support to the institution from the NIH during the conduct of the study and grant support to the institution from the Gates Foundation, Sanofi SA, Merck, Sharpe and Dohme, and Gilead Sciences Inc. outside the submitted work. Dr El Sahly reported receiving grant support from the NIAID during the conduct of the study. Dr Baden reported receiving grant support from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Falsey reported receiving grant support from AstraZeneca during the conduct of the study and grant support from AstraZeneca, Pfizer Inc., and CyanVac LLC, and personal fees for serving on an advisory board from Merck & Co. Inc., GSK, ADMA Biologics Inc., and Moderna Inc. outside the submitted work. Dr Hirsch reported holding stock or stock options in AstraZeneca. Dr Neuzil reported receiving grant support from Pfizer Inc. and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) during the conduct of the study. Dr Janes reported receiving grant support from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Gilbert reported receiving grant support to the institution from the NIAID and NIH during the conduct of the study and serving on the vaccine scientific advisory boards for Moderna Inc. and AstraZeneca. Dr Huang reported receiving grant support from the NIH during the conduct of the study. All other authors declare no competing interests.
