Ilan, Shlomi
Bartsch, Yannic
Jung, Wonyeong
Kliuchnikov, Evgenii
Roy, Vicky
Bonifer, Riley
Walker-Sperling, Victoria E. K.
Borducchi, Erica N.
Nkolola, Joseph P.
Lauffenburger, Douglas A.
Stieh, Daniel J.
Barouch, Dan H.
Julg, Boris
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI164556)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI164556)
Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 31 January 2026
Competing interests
: B.J. is an equity holder of Leyden Laboratories B.V., a company developing respiratory virus prevention therapeutics. B.J.’s immediate family member is a co-founder and shareholder of SeromYx Systems, Inc., and has a patent on Systems Serology Platform pending. B.J. interests were reviewed and are managed by Massachusetts General Hospital and MassGeneral Brigham in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies. D.J.S. was employed by Johnson & Johnson when this study was performed (and is now employed by Vaccine Company, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA).