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Article History

Received: 24 November 2025

Accepted: 9 April 2026

First Online: 25 April 2026

Competing interests

: K.A.: Leads ``MandEval: Effectiveness and Consequences of Australia’s COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates’’ funded by the Medical Research Future Fund of the Australian Government (Grant ID: 2019107). Has received an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi. All funds were paid to her institution. J.W.: Member of the Commission Technique des Vaccinations at the Haute Autorité de la Santé. C.B.: Chair of the WA Immunisation Advisory Committee. S.D.: Funded by the Medical Research Future Fund, ``MandEval: Effectiveness and Consequences of Australia’s COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates’’ (Grant ID: 2019107). She has received an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi. All funds were paid to her institution. The other authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.