Park, Shinyun
Tian, Yanji
Lee, Hyung Kae
Tong, Tiezheng
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2452517)
Article History
Received: 24 January 2026
Accepted: 22 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Competing interests
: The corresponding author, Tiezheng Tong, is a Deputy Editor of npj Clean Water. Tiezheng Tong was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. The authors declare no other competing financial or non-financial interests.