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The origin and tidal evolution of hot Jupiters constrained by a broken age–frequency relation

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02693-6

Published Online: 2025-10-31

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Chen, Di-Chang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-3213
Xie, Ji-Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6472-5348
Zhou, Ji-Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-2940
Dai, Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-0683
Ma, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-2023
Wang, Songhu

Liu, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1802-6917
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-31

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-31
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Article History

Received: 17 January 2025

Accepted: 25 September 2025

First Online: 31 October 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.