Tian, Ye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-6108
Yang, Yueying
Tang, Hanchuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8494-9031
Wang, Jiaxin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-0596
Li, Na
Cheng, Yifan
Kang, Tianyu
Tang, Jiarui
Zhou, Mengyuan
Chen, Wei
Yu, Yan
Liu, Xinqi
Liu, Xurui https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7139-8519
Xu, Liqun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-114X
Yin, Zhouping https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-2337
Zang, Jianfeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1775-4605
Article History
Received: 22 June 2023
Accepted: 7 March 2025
First Online: 14 April 2025
Competing interests
: J.Z., Y.T., H.T., Y. Yang, Y.C. and T.K. are named as inventors on a patent (CN115752311A) that covers the design and fabrication of the soft structured hydrogel. J.Z., Y.T., H.T., Y. Yang and Y.C. are named as inventors of an ultrasonic monitoring system on a patent (CN115844455A) related to this work. J.Z., Y.T., H.T., Y. Yang, Y.C. and T.K. are named as inventors on patents (CN115844448A) related to this work. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests.