Krishnan, Siddharth R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-7043
O’Keeffe, Laura
Rudra, Arnab https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-5534
Gumustop, Derin
Khatib, Nima
Liu, Claudia
Yang, Jiawei
Wang, Athena
Bochenek, Matthew A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-7388
Lu, Yen-Chun
Bose, Suman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-3436
Reed, Kaelan
Langer, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492
Anderson, Daniel G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-4798
Funding for this research was provided by:
Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
JDRF
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
Article History
Received: 7 July 2023
Accepted: 22 May 2025
First Online: 9 July 2025
Competing interests
: S.R.K., A.R., L.O., N.K., R.L. and D.G.A. are inventors on a patent application relevant to the technology described in the above work (patent application number: US20240245856A1, Cambridge, MA, 2023). From 2020 to the present, R.L. receives licensing fees (for patents in which he was an inventor on) from, is invested in, consults (or was on Scientific Advisory Boards or Boards of Directors) for, lectured (and received a fee), or conducts sponsored research at MIT (for which he is not paid) for the entities that can be found in the Supplementary Information. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.