Ma, Jiabo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-4466
Guo, Zhengrui https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9920-0978
Zhou, Fengtao
Wang, Yihui https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7606-9816
Xu, Yingxue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-3107
Li, Jinbang
Yan, Fang https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4216-3876
Cai, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-8463
Zhu, Zhengjie https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0251-5786
Jin, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-3592
Lin, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-2518
Jiang, Xinrui
Zhao, Chenglong
Li, Danyi
Han, Anjia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-1972
Li, Zhenhui https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3613-9403
Chan, Ronald Cheong Kin
Wang, Jiguang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-4097
Fei, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-817X
Cheng, Kwang-Ting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-4912
Zhang, Shaoting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-448X
Liang, Li https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-2754
Chen, Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-3780
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62202403)
Innovation and Technology Commission (No. ITCPD/17-9)
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (No. R6003-22)
HKUST Frontier Technology Research for Joint Institutes with Industry
Article History
Received: 2 August 2024
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Ethics declaration
: This project has been reviewed and approved by the Human and Artefacts Research Ethics Committee (HAREC) of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (protocol no. HREP-2024-0212).
: The authors declare no competing interests.