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Authors
Wilson, Guy H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-1994
Stein, Elias A.
Kamdar, Foram https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2734-3247
Avansino, Donald T.
Pun, Tsam Kiu
Gross, Ronnie
Hosman, Tommy
Singer-Clark, Tyler https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8636-5075
Kapitonava, Anastasia
Hochberg, Leigh R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-2273
Simeral, John D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-1963
Shenoy, Krishna V.
Druckmann, Shaul
Henderson, Jaimie M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-2267
Willett, Francis R.
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2023
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: G.H.W. was a consultant for Artis Ventures. The Massachusetts General Hospital Translational Research Center has a clinical research support agreement with Neuralink, Synchron and Reach Neuro, for which L.R.H. provides consultative input. J.M.H. is a consultant for Paradromics, serves on the Medical Advisory Board of Enspire DBS and is a cofounder and shareholder of Re-EmergeDBS. S.D. is a consultant for CTRL-Labs. K.V.S. served on the scientific advisory boards of MIND-X (acquired by Blackrock Neurotech in 2022), Inscopix (merged with Brucker Nano in 2022) and Heal. He served as a consultant/advisor and was on the founding scientific advisory board for CTRL-Labs (acquired by Facebook Reality Labs in 2019, now Meta Platforms Reality Labs) and served as a consultant/advisor and is a co-founder for Neuralink. F.R.W. is a consultant for Paradromics. G.H.W., F.R.W., J.M.H., K.V.S. and S.D. are listed as inventors on a patent related to the PRI-T model explored here (PCT/US2023/070758: ‘Systems and methods for unsupervised calibration of brain-computer interfaces’). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
