Cabezas-Caballero, Jose https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-3428
Huhn, Anna
Kutuzov, Mikhail A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3386-4350
Andre, Violaine
Shomuradova, Alina
Peeters, Bas W. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-7460
Gillespie, Geraldine M.
van der Merwe, P. Anton https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-6590
Dushek, Omer https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5847-5226
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (207537/Z/17/Z)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/T008784/1)
Article History
Received: 9 September 2024
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Competing interests
: J.C.-C., P.A.v.d.M. and O.D. have financial interests in a filed patent application related to this technology (UK patent application no. GB202218144D0, 2022). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: For human research participants, ethics approval was provided by the Medical Sciences Inter-divisional Research Ethics Committee (IDREC) at the University of Oxford (R51997/RE001).