Xiu, Xuehao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-6683
Wu, Yi https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1951-495X
Li, Jiangxue
Lin, Dongfa
Sun, Xiao
Su, Xinglei
Weng, Zhi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0136-1978
Zuo, Xiaolei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-2727
Yang, Xiurong
Fan, Chunhai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-7338
Wang, Yudong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-4471
Zhang, David Yu
Song, Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-4604
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22174094)
Article History
Received: 11 October 2023
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Competing interests
: There are patents pending on the BDA (patent number EP3146080B1), mBDA (patent number WO2019164885A1) and RRP (patent number US20250011833A1) methods used in this work. D.Y.Z. declares a competing interest in the form of substantial equity ownership in Nuprobe, Torus Biosystems, Pana Bio, Biostate AI and Pupil Bio. The other authors declare no competing interests.