Tan, Tian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-8301
Van Wouwe, Tom
Werling, Keenon F.
Liu, C. Karen
Delp, Scott L.
Hicks, Jennifer L.
Chaudhari, Akshay S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3667-6796
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation through the Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P41 EB027060)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P2C HD101913)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P41 EB027060)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P2C HD101913)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 AR077604)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 EB002524)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 AR079431)
Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.