Sellner, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-8343
Studier-Fischer, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-9300
Qasim, Ahmad Bin
Seidlitz, Silvia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-4793
Schreck, Nicholas
Tizabi, Minu
Wiesenfarth, Manuel
Kopp-Schneider, Annette https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-0267
Heinecke, Janne
Brandt, Jule
Knoedler, Samuel
Max Haney, Caelan
Salg, Gabriel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-3527
Özdemir, Berkin
Dietrich, Maximilian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0960-038X
Michel, Maurice Stephan
Nickel, Felix
Kowalewski, Karl-Friedrich https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-6247
Maier-Hein, Lena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-9368
Article History
Received: 15 October 2024
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Competing interests
: L.M.-H. worked with the medical device manufacturer Karl Storz SE & Co. KG in the projects ‘InnOPlan’ and ‘OP 4.1’, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (grant agreement nos. BMWI 01MD15002E and BMWI 01MT17001E) and ‘Surgomics’, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Health (grant agreement no. BMG 2520DAT82D). All other authors declare no competing interests.