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Authors
Dörr, Janina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-882X
Gregor, Lisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-7167
Lacher, Sebastian B.
Oner, Arman
Sun, Yi
Piseddu, Ignazio
Fertig, Luisa
Spajic, Sebastijan
Lesch, Stefanie
Michaelides, Stefanos
Seifert, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-6196
Gottschlich, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-4182
Samson, Natasha
Majed, Lina
Briukhovetska, Daria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-2335
Simnica, Donjetë
Hartmann, Viktoria
Gabriel, Kathrin https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6756-0014
Cohen, Sonia
Boland, Genevieve M.
Andreu-Sanz, David
Carlini, Emanuele
Stock, Sophia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5072-5013
Holtermann, Anne
Müller, Philipp Jie
Strzalkowski, Thaddäus
Trefny, Marcel P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-7899
Endres, Stefan
Jenkins, Russell W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-2148
Böttcher, Jan P.
Kobold, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5612-4673
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Article History
Received: 19 March 2024
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 11 February 2026
Competing interests
: S.K. has received honoraria from Plectonic, TCR2 Inc., Regeneron, Miltenyi, Galapagos, Cymab, Novartis, BMS and GSK. S.K. is an inventor of several patents in the field of immuno-oncology. S.K. and S.E. received licence fees from TCR2 Inc. and Carina Biotech. S.K. received research support from TCR2 Inc., Tabby Therapeutics, Catalym GmbH, Plectonic GmbH and Arcus Bioscience for work unrelated to the paper. R.W.J. is a member of the advisory board for and has a financial interest in Xsphera Biosciences Inc., a company focused on using ex vivo profiling technology to deliver functional, precision immune-oncology solutions for patients, providers and drug development companies. R.W.J. has received honoraria from Incyte (invited speaker), G1 Therapeutics (advisory board) and Bioxcel Therapeutics (invited speaker). R.W.J. has an ownership interest in US patents US20200399573A9 and US20210363595A1. R.W.J.’s interests were reviewed and are managed by Massachusetts General Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies. G.M.B. has sponsored research agreements through her institution with Olink Proteomics, Teiko Bio, InterVenn Biosciences, Palleon Pharmaceuticals, Astellas and AstraZeneca. She served on advisory boards for Iovance, Merck, Moderna, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, Replimune and Ankyra Therapeutics. She consults for Merck, InterVenn Biosciences, Iovance and Ankyra Therapeutics. She holds equity in Ankyra Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
