Liu, Naijia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-2927
Shiravi, Shahrzad
Jin, Tianqi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-3798
Liu, Jiaqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-7243
Zhu, Zhengguang https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2315-806X
Li, Jiying
Cheung, Ingrid https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8074-1195
Zhang, Haohui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8432-3672
Wang, Yue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-3570
Li, Qingyuan
Xu, Zijie
Zeng, Liangsong
Quezada, Maria Jose https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9120-4970
Villalobos, Andres
Samei, Yasaman
Khanna, Shreyaa
Bao, Shuozhen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-9952
Wu, Mingzheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-6296
Liang, Sida
Cheng, Xu
Lv, Zengyao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3146-2526
Maeng, Woo-Youl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2542-9359
Zhang, Yamin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-1265
Luan, Haiwen
Boppart, Stephen A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-5630
Huang, Yonggang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-8359
Zhang, Yihui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-2067
Franz, Colin K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4546-8638
Finan, John D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-9702
Rogers, John A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-3961
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R011NS113935)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R011NS113935)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R011NS113935)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R011NS113935)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R011NS113935)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R011NS113935)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R011NS113935)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB031772)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB031772)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12225206)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12225206)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12225206)
Article History
Received: 19 July 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.