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Authors
Wu, Jiageng
Gu, Bowen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0739-0390
Zhou, Ren
Xie, Kevin
Snyder, Doug
Jiang, Yixing
Carducci, Valentina
Wyss, Richard
Desai, Rishi J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0299-7273
Alsentzer, Emily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-1746
Celi, Leo Anthony https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-6626
Rodman, Adam
Schneeweiss, Sebastian
Chen, Jonathan H.
Romero-Brufau, Santiago
Lin, Kueiyu Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-3715
Yang, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5696-363X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (ME-2022C1-25646)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (RF1AG090405)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | U.S. National Library of Medicine (R01LM014667)
BWH | Brigham Research Institute
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 17 June 2026
Competing interests
: K.J.L. has received research grants from Takeda, AbbVie and UCB for projects unrelated to this study. E.A. reports consultant fees from Fourier Health. S.S. is participating in investigator-initiated grants to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda and UCB unrelated to the topic of this study; is an advisor to Aetion Inc., a software manufacturer.; and is an advisor to Temedica GmbH, a patient-oriented data generation company; his interests were declared, reviewed and approved by the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in accordance with their institutional compliance policies. J.H.C. reports cofounding Reaction Explorer, that develops and licences organic chemistry education software, and receive medical expert witness fees from Sutton Pierce, Younker Hyde MacFarlane, Sykes McAllister and Elite Expert; consulting fees from ISHI Health; and honoraria or travel expenses for invited presentations by insitro, General Reinsurance Corporation, Cozeva and other industry conferences, academic institutions and health systems. All other authors declare no competing interests.
