Whitlow, Jacob https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4030-3594
Jia, Zhubing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-8438
Wang, Ye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8882-4175
Fang, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0005-6939
Kim, Jungsang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9551-3826
Brown, Kenneth R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7716-1425
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (Phy-181891, Phy-181891, OMA-2120757, Phy-181891)
ODNI | Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (W911NF-16-1-0082, W911NF-16-1-0082, W911NF-16-1-0082, W911NF-16-1-0082, W911NF-16-1-0082)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-0019449, DE-0019449, DE-0019449, DE-0019449)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-18-1-0218)
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research QSCOUT program
Article History
Received: 16 December 2022
Accepted: 21 July 2023
First Online: 28 August 2023
Competing interests
: K.R.B. is a scientific advisor for IonQ, Inc. and has a personal financial interest in the company. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.