Xie, Haomiao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7688-6571
Khoshooei, Milad Ahmadi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-8317
Mandal, Mukunda
Vornholt, Simon M.
Hofmann, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0182-9174
Tufaro, Luke M.
Kirlikovali, Kent O. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8329-1015
Grimes, Dawson A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7423-7153
Lee, Seryeong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6024
Su, Shengyi
Reischauer, Susanne
Sengupta, Debabrata https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-3761
Fahy, Kira
Ma, Kaikai
Wang, Xiaoliang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6501-1136
Sha, Fanrui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-147X
Gong, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1458-054X
Che, Yongwei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-0335
Vitillo, Jenny G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-2039
Anderson, John S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0730-3018
Notestein, Justin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-7356
Chapman, Karena W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-5633
Gagliardi, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5227-1396
Farha, Omar K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-9845
Funding for this research was provided by:
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383, DE-SC0023383)
DOE | Office of Science (DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0012704)
Article History
Received: 29 October 2024
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 24 July 2025
Competing interests
: O.K.F. has financial interest in NuMat Technologies, a start-up company that is seeking to commercialize MOFs. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.