Lai, Qingheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-2337
Zhang, Xinrui
Jiang, Shan
Krzyaniak, Matthew D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-7323
Alayoglu, Selim
Agarwal, Amol
Liu, Yukun
Edenfield, Wilson C.
Kobayashi, Takeshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-0925
Wang, Yuyang
Dravid, Vinayak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6007-3063
Wasielewski, Michael R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-5440
Miller, Jeffery T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-0620
Kratish, Yosi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-0268
Marks, Tobin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8771-0141
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE DE-SC0024448, DE-FG02-99ER14999, DE-SC0001329, DE-FG02-99ER14999, DE-SC0012704)
National Science Foundation (NSF ECCS-2025633)
NASA | Ames Research Center (NNA04CC36G)
Article History
Received: 22 October 2024
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.