Ding, Jiaming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-5274
French, Sarah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-3857
Rivera, Christina A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1588-7017
Tena Meza, Arismel
Witkowski, Dominick C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-6548
Houk, K. N.
Garg, Neil K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-2629
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35 GM139593)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (F31 GM149161)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FC02-02ER63421)
National Science Foundation (CHE-1048804)
National Science Foundation (OCI-1053575)
National Science Foundation (CHE-2153972)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Research Resources (S10RR025631)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (S10OD028644)
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 21 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.