Liu, Qin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-4569
Rabbani, S. M. Gulam https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3139-5656
Hou, Zhenhao
Chen, Zhihengyu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5882-7076
Yang, Haofan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-7705
Bi, Wentuan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1655-8412
Chapman, Karena W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-5633
Getman, Rachel B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-0534
Hupp, Joseph T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-9812
Funding for this research was provided by:
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012702)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0023383)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012702)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0023383)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012702)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0023383)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0023383)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0023383)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0023383)
Article History
Received: 2 April 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Competing interests
: J.T.H. has an equity interest in NuMat Technologies, a company that commercializes MOFs. The other authors declare no competing interests.