Goldstein, Benjamin P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-1323
Pelton, Rylie E. O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-2263
Gounaridis, Dimitrios https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-7284
Schmitt, Jennifer
Springer, Nathaniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-474X
Newell, Joshua P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1440-8715
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | Directorate for Engineering (1805085, 1805085, 1805085, 1805085, 1805085)
Article History
Received: 18 October 2024
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 20 October 2025
Competing interests
: Development of the FoodS3 platform has been partially supported by funding from companies in the animal agriculture and food retail sectors. It has been more substantially supported by the Walton Family Foundation, the National Science Foundation and the USDA. Authors affiliated with the Institute on the Environment (R.E.O.P., N.S. and J.S.) work with various companies in the animal agricultural industry. R.E.O.P. is the principal and founder of LEIF LLC, an LCA consulting firm working with companies across food and agriculture. These relationships could be perceived as potential competing interests. The other authors declare no competing interests.