Emerton, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-3993
Nicolas, Julien https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0518-100X
Lombardi, Anna https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1781-3507
Di Napoli, Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4901-3641
Funding for this research was provided by:
This study has been partially supported by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), which is implemented by ECMWF on behalf of the European Commission.
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (101057739)
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (101156653)
Destination Earth, which is a European Union funded initiative and is implemented by ECMWF, ESA, and EUMETSAT
Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.