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Authors
Yu, Timothy C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-038X
Kikawa, Caroline
Dadonaite, Bernadeta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-6982
Loes, Andrea N.
Englund, Janet A.
Bloom, Jesse D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-3408
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI165821)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (75N93021C00015)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007270)
National Science Foundation (DGE-2140004)
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Article History
Received: 24 May 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Competing interests
: J.D.B. consults on topics related to viral evolution for Apriori Bio, Invivyd, the Vaccine Company, Pfizer and GSK. J.D.B., B.D. and A.N.L. are inventors on Fred Hutch licensed patents related to viral deep mutational scanning. The other authors declare no competing interests.
