zu Ermgassen, Sophus O.S.E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-3389
Swinfield, Tom https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-5090
Bull, Joseph W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-8977
Duffus, Natalie E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-4909
Macintosh, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-7105
Maron, Martine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-5789
Theis, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9840-3806
White, Thomas
Evans, Megan C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-310X
Funding for this research was provided by:
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (GA-101036849)
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (GA-101036849)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/S007474/1)
Article History
Received: 25 March 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Competing interests
: All authors undertake occasional consulting projects relating to nature market design and implementation. T.S. is a technical advisor to Symbiosis. A.M. is a non-executive director of Paraway Pastoral Company Ltd, which has offset projects under Australia’s carbon offset scheme and biodiversity projects supported by the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Trust.