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Authors
Stager, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-580X
Benham, Phred M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3276-6177
Senner, Nathan R.
Fitak, Robert R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7398-6259
Denmead, Kay https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9912-3759
Andringa, R. Keith
Grace, Jacquelyn K.
Dittmann, Donna L.
Siegrist, Joe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0623
Forsman, Anna M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5942-4671
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Purple Martin Conservation Association
UMASS | University of Massachusetts Amherst
University of Central Florida
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
