Li, Guo-Xing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0568-8556
Kou, Rong
Nguyen, Au
Wang, Ke
Li, Yu-Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-8153
Lee, Jongcheol
Kim, Seong H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-7269
Wang, Donghai https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-8510
Funding for this research was provided by:
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (614551, 790825, 614551, 790825, 614551, 790825, 614551, 790825)
National Science Foundation (CMMI-2038494, CMMI-2038494, CMMI-2038494)
Article History
Received: 16 January 2025
Accepted: 29 May 2025
First Online: 26 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.