Yaghoobi Nia, Narges https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-5156
Zendehdel, Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-2495
Paci, Barbara
Xu, Jiayi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1763-6251
Di Giovannantonio, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-9183
Generosi, Amanda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-389X
Leonardi, Enrico
Liu, Cong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-5034
Contini, Giorgio
Guaragno, Marco
Grätzel, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0195
Di Carlo, Aldo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6828-2380
Article History
Received: 26 November 2023
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Competing interests
: N.Y.N. is president and co-founder of IRITALY Trading Company S.r.l., a company that part of its activity is commercializing perovskite photovoltaics. E.L. is a senior researcher employer of Halocell Europe Srl (formerly known as Greatcell Solar Italia Srl), a company commercializing solar-grade materials. The other authors declare no competing interests.