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Xu, Wenzhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-6392

Shao, Wenhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-0076

Tang, Yuanhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-8195

Lin, Chenjian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-5133

Yang, Hanjun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6856-6559

Yang, Yu-Ting

Kim, Jeong Hui https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1206-5621

Lee, Gangsan

Kumar, Prashant

Pedersen, Kevin R.

Coffey, Aidan H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-4965

Harvey, Steven P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-7062

Graham, Kenneth R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-3998

Zhu, Chenhui

Zhu, Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-3909

Dou, Letian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-8591

Funding for this research was provided by:

DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Solar Energy Technologies Office (DE-EE0009519)

U.S. Department of Energy (DE-EE0010734)

U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC36-08GO28308)

U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC36-08GO28308)

First Solar Inc.

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-01

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-01