Choi, Deokjae
Kim, Jeongwon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-3613
Jaffer, Shaffiq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9311-4469
Chen, Bin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2106-7664
Xie, Ke
Sargent, Edward H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-6495
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2437819)
National Science Foundation (2437819)
National Science Foundation (2428214)
National Science Foundation (2437819)
National Science Foundation (2428214)
National Science Foundation (2437819)
National Science Foundation (2428214)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00459468)
Article History
Received: 7 June 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 6 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.