Manthiram, Arumugam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-9563
Cui, Zehao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-4198
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0005397)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-76RLO1830)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0005397)
Article History
Received: 17 August 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 18 February 2026
Competing interests
: A.M. is a co-founder of TexPower EV Technologies, a company focusing on cobalt-free cathode materials for lithium-based batteries. Z.C. declares no competing interests.