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Zhang, Weiran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-8232

Zhang, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-1880

Wang, Zeyi https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9340-3907

Li, Ai-Min https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-362X

Liu, Sufu

Lee, Taeyong

Chen, Yawei

Liu, Yijie

Li, Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-8947

Wan, Hongli

Liou, Sz-Chian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-3436

Rao, Jiancun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-1714

Roschella, Joseph https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6880-0606

Zheng, Lei

Zhang, Zhiyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-423X

He, Huixin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0157-3252

Lucht, Brett L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-0840

Johnson, Christopher S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-6889

Wang, Chunsheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-6381

Funding for this research was provided by:

DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-EE0009183)

DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-EE0009183)

DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-EE0009183)

DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-EE0009183)

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Version of Record valid from 2026-02-03