Park, Kwangho
Lee, WonJun
Park, Junghyun https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2937-2336
Jo, Minkyeong
Bae, Yeongeun
Kim, Minji
Shin, Sejong
Moon, Jinuk https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6236-0449
O’Hayre, Ryan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-3052
Han, Jeong Woo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-5844
Song, Sun-Ju https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-1633
Park, Jun-Young https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-5920
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043435)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-00560126)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-22-1-0273)
Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Competing interests
: J.-Y.P. is the founder of Terra FuelCell, a company focused on the commercialization of solid oxide fuel-cell technologies. Research conducted by J.-Y.P. was performed at Sejong University with support from Korean government funding. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.