Sweetman, Andrew K. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9547-9493
Smith, Alycia J.
de Jonge, Danielle S. W. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-2721
Hahn, Tobias http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-5753
Schroedl, Peter http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9874-3800
Silverstein, Michael http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2205-3624
Andrade, Claire
Edwards, R. Lawrence
Lough, Alastair J. M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-9064
Woulds, Clare
Homoky, William B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-8591
Koschinsky, Andrea http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-0663
Fuchs, Sebastian
Kuhn, Thomas
Geiger, Franz
Marlow, Jeffrey J. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-8806
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Commission (818123, 818123)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/T003537/1)
The Metals Company Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
The Metals Company
Article History
Received: 24 January 2024
Accepted: 6 June 2024
First Online: 22 July 2024
Competing interests
: A.K.S., C.W. and W.B.H. received research support (funding) from The Metals Company, and A.K.S. also received research support from UK Seabed Resources to carry out part of the work. The Metals Company and UK Seabed Resources aided in the selection of study sites and operational scheduling at sea in a collaborative effort. S.F. and T.K. also work for the Federal Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resources, which holds exploration rights in the CCZ.