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Funding for this research was provided by:
New Zealand Government Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment Endeavour Research Programme
University of Auckland
New Zealand Government Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment Endeavour Research Programme (UOA24103) Royal Society of New Zealand Te Aparangi Marsden Fund
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE22550)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE26050)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE22550)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE26050)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE22550)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE26050)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE22550)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE26050)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE22550)
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE26050)
Science Mission Directorate's Rapid Response to Natural Earth Systems (RRNES) program
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/Z504038/1)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/X003272/1)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/X00239X/1)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/Z504038/1)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/X003272/1)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/X00239X/1)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/X003272/1)
Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi Marsden Fund
Article History
Received: 28 September 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2026
First Online: 11 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.