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Article History

Received: 23 February 2024

Accepted: 20 February 2025

First Online: 10 April 2025

Competing interests

: C.S., L.S.F. and E.M. report support for the present manuscript from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. G.F.G. reports support for the present manuscript from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation with payment through salary at IHME; Bloomberg Philanthropies with payment through salary at IHME. A.A. reports support for the present manuscript from Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. F.B. reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland and Fondation Botnar, Basel, Switzerland; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Chair of Governance and Ethics Committee for the Partnership of Maternal, Newborn and Child Health; International Advisory Board Chair of United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Co-Chair of The Lancet Commission on Gender-Based Violence and the Maltreatment of Young People; Vice Chair Fondation Botnar, Basel, Switzerland; Member of The Lancet Future of Neonatology Commission; Member of The Lancet and Chatham House Commission on Universal Health Member of Lancet Commission on Investing in Health 3. J.K.C. reports grants or contracts from University of Warwick; support for attending meetings and/or travel from University of Miami, University of Washington. J.S.C. reports grants or contracts from National Institute for Health and Care Research, Youth Endowment Fund, College of Policing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham City Council; support for attending meetings and/or travel from University of Miami, University of Washington. B.H. reports grants or contracts from West Midlands Secure Data Environment (£50,000 Pump Priming Fund for project titled: Developing an automated evaluation pipeline to identify the effectiveness of digital interventions in acute care: A pilot study assessing inequalities in the effectiveness of DERM). F.M.K. reports grants or contracts from Merck KGaA/EMD Serono (research grant to University of Miami); Tides Foundation via the Oak Foundation (two research grants to the University of Miami); Fondation Botnar (research grant to the University of Miami); Finker-Frenkel Family Foundation (gift to the University of Miami to support the Lancet Commission on Gender-Based Violence and Maltreatment of Young People); Wellcome Trust (gift to the University of Miami to support the Lancet Commission on Gender-Based Violence and Maltreatment of Young People); Mena Catering (gift to the University of Miami to support the Lancet Commission on Gender-Based Violence and Maltreatment of Young People); Gloria Estefan Foundation (gift to the University of Miami to support the Lancet Commission on Gender-Based Violence and Maltreatment of Young People); Jose Milton Foundation (gift to the University of Miami to support the Lancet Commission on Gender-Based Violence and Maltreatment of Young People); reports consulting fees from Merck KGaA/EMD Serono (personal consulting agreement to advise company’s research/dissemination strategy for ‘Healthy Women, Healthy Economies’ and ‘Embracing Carers’ initiative focused on caregiving and women in leadership. Totally unrelated to the subject of this paper/No child sexual abuse related work); Tecnológico de Monterrey (provide strategic guidance on research priorities and lectures for the Institute for Obesity Research at the Tecnólogico de Monterrey (university); totally unrelated to the subject of this paper/no child sexual abuse related work); leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid from Founding President, Tómatelo a Pecho, A.C. (Mexican non-profit organization that has promoted research, advocacy, awareness and early detection of breast cancer since its inception and has since expanded to promote women’s and girls health broadly and health systems); Esperanza United (Member, Board of Directors – unpaid); Senior Economist, Mexican Health Foundation (unpaid). S.R. reports support for the present manuscript from Vital Strategies and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The other authors declare no competing interests.