Bower, Marlee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9818-1174
Filia, Kate https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-5890
Lawrance, Emma L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1343-3916
Card, Kiffer G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-1249
Teesson, Lily https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1919-9075
Smout, Scarlett https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5879-442X
Gao, Caroline https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-2759
Naderpajouh, Nader https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9628-9766
Donohoe-Bales, Amarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8881-7650
Lagi, Rosiana K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1440-8886
Njeru, Mercy Wawira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6542-1493
Kim, Yoonhee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2517-1087
Yongabi, Kenneth Anchang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9637-0086
Misawa, Nana https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0178-9571
Zhang, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-2440
Spallek, Sophia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-1794
Howard, Amanda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-3442
Stapinski, Lexine A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-4655
Herrman, Helen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3064-1813
Atwoli, Lukoye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-9723
Teesson, Maree https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-463X
Badcock, Johanna C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-2929
Funding for this research was provided by:
Henry Halloran Urban and Regional Research Initiative - Incubator Project Grant
Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 15 May 2026
Competing interests
: J.C.B. is a cofounder and board chair of the Global Initiative on Loneliness and Connection (GILC), which comprises national organizations committed to ending the pressing global issues of loneliness and social isolation. GILC supports the dissemination of system-wide, national approaches to build social connection. The other authors declare no competing interests.