Guo, Ruihan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-396X
Feng, Qixin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-0090
Ma, Ke https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2163-2686
Lee, Gi-Hyeok https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2516-2586
Jamal, Moniruzzaman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-3331
Zhao, Xiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-664X
Bustillo, Karen C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-6078
Wan, Jiawei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-5133
Ritchie, Duncan S.
Shan, Linbo
Cai, Yuhang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6278-204X
Li, Jiachen
Shen, Jack
Dong, Kaichen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5334-4243
Huang, Ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-4821
Cai, Yimao
Wang, Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-6194
Salmeron, Miquel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2887-8128
Zheng, Haimei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-4170
Sherburne, Matthew
Scott, Mary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-6725
Yang, Wanli https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-8063
Asta, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-321X
Tang, Kechao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-0142
Wu, Junqiao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-0148
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05-CH11231)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62375151)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62274003, 61927901, 92164203)
National Science Foundation (2138286)
National Science Foundation (2138307)
National Science Foundation (2137603)
National Science Foundation (2138296)
Article History
Received: 16 May 2024
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.