Dong, Zijing https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2874-5652
Hu, Jingcong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-8986
Guo, Xiao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-9789
Shi, Zhuojie
Chen, Haijie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-1763
Wang, Yunluo
Luo, Ran
Steele, Julian A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-4413
Degnan, Zachary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-6639
Solano, Eduardo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-2271
Zhou, Qilin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3359-5963
Kalasariya, Nikhil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-6031
Li, Nengxu
Wang, Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-7830
Chen, Jinxi
Lee, Ling Kai https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0463-6952
Wang, Yuduan
Li, Jia
Stolterfoht, Martin
Sui, Manling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-5881
Article History
Received: 26 April 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 22 October 2025
Competing interests
: Y.H. is the founder of Singfilm Solar, a company commercializing perovskite photovoltaics. The other authors declare no competing interests.